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Abstract

Review Article

Transglutaminase inhibition: possible therapeutic mechanisms to protect cells from death in neurological disorders

Vittorio Gentile*, Elenamaria Fioretti, Nicola Gaetano Gatta and Rosaria Romano

Published: 25 July, 2017 | Volume 1 - Issue 1 | Pages: 026-038

Transglutaminases are a family of Ca2+-dependent enzymes which catalyze post-translational modifications of proteins. The main activity of these enzymes is the cross-linking of glutaminyl residues of a protein/peptide substrate to lysyl residues of a protein/peptide co-substrate. In addition to lysyl residues, other second nucleophilic co-substrates may include monoamines or polyamines (to form mono-or bi-substituted/crosslinked adducts) or -OH groups (to form ester linkages). In absence of co-substrates, the nucleophile may be water, resulting in the net deamidation of the glutaminyl residue. Transglutaminase activity has been suggested to be involved in molecular mechanisms responsible for both physiological and pathological processes. In particular, transglutaminase activity has been shown to be responsible for human autoimmune diseases, and Celiac Disease is just one of them. Interestingly, neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, supranuclear palsy, Huntington’s disease and other polyglutamine diseases, are characterized in part by aberrant cerebral transglutaminase activity and by increased cross-linked proteins in affected brains. Here we describe the possible molecular mechanisms by which these enzymes could be responsible for such diseases and the possible use of transglutaminase inhibitors for patients with diseases characterized by aberrant transglutaminase activity.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.hjbm.1001004 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

Keywords:

Transglutaminases; Post-translational Modifications of Proteins; Neurodegeneration; NF-kB; Neuroinflammation

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Atsedemariam Andualem

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Assistant Professor, UCLAS Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India

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New Delhi, India

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Publishing an article is a long process, but working with your publication department made things go smoothly, even though the process took exactly 5 months from the time of submitting the article till the time I have favourable response, the missing part is the peer review details, which is essential in self auditing and future improvement, overall experience was excellent giving your understanding of the situation of lack of financial institution support.

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Alon

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Aksenov V.V

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Ajite Kayode

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I really liked the ease of submitting my manuscript in the HSPI journal. Further, the peer review was timely completed and I was communicated the final decision on my manuscript within 10 days of submission which is really appreciable. I strongly recommend all the scientists and researchers to submit their work in this journal”

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Abiodun Akanbi Adeogun

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University of Agriculture, Pakistan

Muhammad Sarwar Khan

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University of Jacqmar, Inc., USA

John St. Cyr

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College of Fisheries, CAU(I), Tripura, India

Ajit Kumar Roy

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Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Israel

Leonid Feldman

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University of Tubingen, Germany

Yvonne Mast

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Mehmet Besir

The services of the journal were excellent. The most important thing for an author is the speed of the peer review which was really fast here. They returned in a few days and immediately replied all of my questions. I want to refer this platform to all scholars. Many thanks.

Eastern Mediterranean University, Cyprus

Zehra Guchan TOPCU

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USA

Igor Klepikov

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Russia

Victor V Apollonov

The editorial process was quickly done. The galley proof was sent within a week after being accepted for publication. The editorial team was very helpful and responded promptly.

India

Rohit Kulshrestha

Publishing with the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology was a rewarding experience as review process was thorough and brisk. Their visibility online is second to none as their published articles appear in all search engines. I will encourage researchers to publish with them.

University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Dr. Elizabeth A Awoyesuku

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NC A&T State University, USA

Moran Sciamama-Saghiv

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Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria

Ayokunle Dada

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Ido-Ekiti/Afe Babalola University, Nigeria

Dr. Shuaib Kayode Aremu

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Ekiti State University, Nigeria

Adebukola Ajite

I wanna to thank clinical journal of nursing care and practice for its effort to review and publish my manuscript. This is reputable journal. Thank you!

Wollo University, Ethiopia

Atsedemariam Andualem

We appreciate your approach to scholars and will encourage you to collaborate with your organization, which includes interesting and different medical journals. With the best wishes of success, creativity and joy in life, prosperity in the medical field.

Ivano- Frankivsk National Medical University, Ukraine

Nataliya Kitsera

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Diaverum: PADC, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Nasrulla Abutaleb

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Department of Biotechnology, Uttaranchal college of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Archna Dhasmana

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BS, PharmD., MBA, CPHIMS, FHIMSS, Adjunct Professor, Global Healthcare Management, MCPHS University, Chief Strategy Offi cer, MedicaSoft, Senior Advisor, National Health IT (NHIT) Collaborative for Underserved, New York HIMSS, National Liaison, Health 2.0 Boston, Past Chair, Chair Innovation, USA

Helen Figge

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Ph.D, Boston University Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Knowledge Research Institute, Inc., 2131 Reflection Bay Drive, Arlington, Texas 76013, USA

Elisabeth H. Wiig

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Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong

Long Ching

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Palestine College of Nursing, Khan Younis, Gaza Strip, Palestine

Ayman M Abu Mustafa

“It was a delightful experience publishing my manuscript with the Clinical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. They offered me lots of opportunities I never had from most publishing houses and their prompt services are greatly appreciated.”

Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana

Akowuah Jones Asafo

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