Research Article
Similarity between Some Biological Systems, Organotropism and Metastatic Process: Active Role Played By Secondary Organ?
Luisetto M*, Behzad Nili-Ahmadabadi, Hossein Nili-Ahmadabadi, Ghulam Rasool Mashori, Gamal Abdul Hamid, Kausar Rehman Khan, Behrooz Nili-Ahmadabadi, Ahmed Yesvi Rafa and Luca Cabianca
Published: 19 June, 2018 | Volume 2 - Issue 1 | Pages: 019-051
According to literature, about 90% of death from cancer is related to metastasis. Metastatic process present many similarity to some other biological processes. Once we have examined some relevant biomedical literature, by understanding the real causes of metastasis, it would become much more possible to introduce new therapeutic strategies to delay or in some cases even to stop this kind of killer process. Breast cancer, as an example, produces metastasis to different organs, which seems to be related to the subtype. We believe that a deep understanding of the roles of breast cancer cells and their interactions with the liver microenvironment in early breast cancer metastasis could be a crucial factor for the design and development of effective BCLM breast cancer liver metastases therapeutic strategies and to better understand the general process. Let’s suppose the secondary organ or organs can be considered as incubator/s for the primary metastatic cells. What kind of consequences we can have in therapy field if there is an active regulating role in determining the location of secondary cancers?
Let’s observe the role played by liver, bone marrow, CNS central nervous system, lungs, lymphocytes and other secondary locations/organs a little bit closer or maybe from a different angle let’s suppose we try to come up with just a hypothesis. Just let’s take this as a possibility, and we take the thread to see where it takes us.
Read Full Article HTML
DOI: 10.29328/journal.ibm.1001012
Cite this Article
Read Full Article PDF
Keywords:
Organotropism; Liver metastasis; Cancer; Pathology, Immune systems; New therapeutic strategies; Biology; Botany; Cancer; Metastasis; Organ specific metastasis; Metastatic colonization
References
- Luisetto M, Nili-Ahmadabadi B, Mashori GR, Yesvi A, Sahu RK, et al. Brain and immune system: KURU disease a toxicological process?. J Neurosci Neurol Disord. 2018; 2: 014-027. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yczxztoe
- Brundrett MC. Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. New Phytologist. 2012; 154: 275–304. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/ya29e5du
- Nance J. Getting to know your neighbor: cell polarization in early embryos. J Cell Biol. 2014; 206: 823-832. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y92xr3km
- Heckman DS, Geiser DM, Eidell BR, Stauffer RL, Kardos NL, et al. Molecular Evidence for the Early Colonization of Land by Fungi and Plants. Science. 2001; 293: 1129-1133. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y78yq243
- Vogel DY, Heijnen PD, Breur M, de Vries HE, Tool AT, et al. J Neuroinflammation. Macrophages migrate in an activation-dependent manner to chemokines involved in neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation. 2014; 11: 23. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y9hv87te
- Martin WF, Garg S, Zimorski V. Endosymbiotic theories for eukaryote origin. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015; 370: 20140330. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y7w7nsb3
- Fiz F, Marini C, Campi C, Massone AM, Podestà M, et al. Allogeneic cell transplant expands bone marrow distribution by colonizing previously abandoned areas: an FDG PET/CT analysis. Blood. 2015; 125: 4095-4102. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y8f2hvmk
- Ma R, Feng Y, Lin S, Chen J, Lin H, et al. Mechanisms involved in breast cancer liver metastasis. J Transl Med 13: 64. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yc8ggnsc
- Kawada K, Hasegawa S, Murakami T, Itatani Y, Hosogi H, et al. Molecular mechanisms of liver metastasis. Int J Clin Oncol 16: 464-472. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/ydfrlf8g
- Desai CS, Khan KM, Ma X, Li H, Wang J, et al. Effect of liver histopathology on islet cell engraftment in the model mimicking autologous islet cell transplantation. 2017; 9: 140-149. Link: https://tinyurl.com/y7yaccoh
- Norkina M, Wingard JR. Recent advances in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Version 1 F1000Res. 2017; 6: 870. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y8omuzcy
- Paweletz N, Boxberger HJ. Defined tumor cell-host interactions are necessary for malignant growth. Crit Rev Oncog. 1994; 5: 69-105. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/ybzsdhl7
- Selden AC, Hodgson HJ. Growth factors and the liver. Gut. 1991; 32: 601-603. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/ybfbj6d8
- Tao Y, Wang M, Chen E, Tang H. Liver Regeneration: Analysis of the Main Relevant Signaling Molecules. Mediators Inflamm. 2017; 4256352. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y7tyewyv
- Taylor DP, Clark A, Wheeler S, Wells A. Hepatic nonparenchymal cells drive metastatic breast cancer outgrowth and partial epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014; 144: 551-560. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yaaemcb4
- Osada S, Matsui S, Komori S, Yamada J, Sanada Y, et al. Effect of hepatocyte growth factor on progression of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. Hepatogastroenterology. 2010; 57: 76-80. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/ya5xkq6g
- Macedo F, Katia Ladeira, Filipa Pinho, Nadine Saraiva, Nuno Bonito, et al. Bone Metastases: An Overview. Oncol Rev. 2017; 11: 321. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y9gbljjk
- Seyfried TN, Huysentruyt LC. On the Origin of Cancer Metastasis. Crit Rev Oncog. 2013; 18: 43–73. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yaqupted
- Jiang WG, Hallett MB, Puntis MC. Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor, liver regeneration and cancer metastasis. Br J Surg. 1993; 80: 1368-1373. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/ycxnj62l
- Clark AM, Ma B, Taylor LD, Griffith L, Wells A. Liver metastases: Microenvironments and ex-vivo models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2016; 241: 1639-1652. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y9jaj2h7
- Takeda A, Stoeltzing O, Ahmad SA, Reinmuth N, Liu W, et al. Role of angiogenesis in the development and growth of liver metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol 2002; 9: 610-616. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y79krfkh
- Gordon-Weeks AN, Lim SY, Yuzhalin AE, Jones K, Markelc B, et al. Neutrophils promote hepatic metastasis growth through fibroblast growth factor 2-dependent angiogenesis in mice. Hepatology. 2017; 65: 1920-1935. Link: https://tinyurl.com/y96vcq2t
- Wu Y, Brodt P, Sun H, Mejia W, Novosyadlyy R, et al. Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Regulates the Liver Microenvironment in Obese Mice and Promotes Liver Metastasis. Cancer Res. 2010; 70: 57-67. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y93jdumj
- Paschos KA, Bird NC. Liver regeneration and its impact on post-hepatectomy metastatic tumour recurrence. Anticancer Res. 2010; 30: 2161-2170. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/ya9s2thk
- Fernandez MC, Rayes R, Ham B, Wang N, Bourdeau F, et al. The type I insulin-like growth factor regulates the liver stromal response to metastatic colon carcinoma cells. Oncotarget. 2016; 8: 52281-52293. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y7qoyq7o
- Pauli BU, Lee CL. Organ preference of metastasis. The role of organ-specifically modulated endothelial cells. Lab Invest. 1988; 58: 379-387. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yamsbtkr
- Nicolson GL. Organ specificity of tumor metastasis: role of preferential adhesion, invasion and growth of malignant cells at specific secondary sites. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1988; 7: 143-188. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y7jogjbj
- Santin AD. Lymph node metastases. Cancer 2000; 88: 175-179. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yby6jzfd
- Obenauf AC, Massagué J. Surviving at a distance: organ specific metastasis. Trends Cancer. 2015; 1: 76-91. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y7k74m9e
- Van den Eynden GG, Majeed AW, Illemann M, Vermeulen PB, Bird NC, et al. The Multifaceted Role of the Microenvironment in Liver Metastasis: Biology and Clinical Implications. 2013; 73: 2031-2043. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yafx7snx
- Che JE, Allan AL. The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in the Organ Tropism of Breast Cancer Metastasis: A Mechanistic Balance between the “Seed” and the “Soil”?. Int J Breast Cancer. 2012; 2012: 209748. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/y9nl9kan
- O'Flanagan CH, Rossi EL, McDonell SB, Chen X, Tsai YH, et al. Metabolic reprogramming underlies metastatic potential in an obesity-responsive murine model of metastatic triple negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer. 2017; 3: 26. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/ycldhjcl
- Nicolson GL. Organ specificity of tumor metastasis: role of preferential adhesion, invasion and growth of malignant cells at specific secondary sites. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1988; 7: 143-188. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yda9buax
- Lu X, Kang Y. Organotropism of breast cancer metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 2007; 12: 153-62. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/ya4hks3y
- Langley RR, Fidler IJ. The seed and soil hypothesis revisited - the role of tumor-stroma interactions in metastasis to different organs. Int J Cancer. 2011; 128: 2527-2535. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yarg5898
- Luisetto M. Editorial Efficacy of Oncologic Drug Therapy: Some to rethink in the Management of the System. Journal of Business Management and Economics. 2016; 4. Ref.: https://tinyurl.com/yasrqon9